Sikh Gurus : Important Oneliners and bullet points for quick revision for competitive exams like SSC, PSC, DDA, DMRC, DDA, JE ETC

Important oneliners and bullet points on Sikh religion and sikh gurus for competitive exams and general awareness. Watch video with detailed analysis on EXAM FOCUS channel on Youtube

The 10 Gurus

Guru Nanak

Guru Angad Dev

Guru Amardas

Guru Ramdas

Guru Arjundev

Guru Hargovind

Guru Har Rai

Guru Har Krishna

Guru Teg Bahadur

Guru Govind Singh

GURU NANAK – (1469 – 1538) 

• Founder of Sikh religion.
• Main teachings of Guru Nanak are:-
• Vand Chhakkna –Sharing and helping those who are in need.
• Kirat Karna – Earning honestly without fraud.
• Naam Japna – Chanting god’s name with devotion

GURU ANGAD (1538- 1552)

• Compiled writing of Guru Nanak.
• Started script called Gurumukhi

GURU AMARDAS (1552-1574)

• Started community kitchen
• Opposed Purdah system
• Opposed Sati pratha.

GURU RAMDAS (1574-1581)

• Founder of “AMRITSAR”
• GURU ARJUN DEV (1581-1606)
• Founded Golden Temple
• Composed Adi Granth -1604
• Executed by Jahangir on helping Prince KHUSRAO with money and prayer.

GURU HARGOVIND (1606-1645)

• Transformed Sikh into military community.
• Established akal takth.
• Fortified Amritsar.

GURU HAR RAI (1645-1661)

• Maintained cavalry of 20,000 as force.
• Established hospitals and zoo.

GURU HAR KISHAN (1661-1664)

• Youngest Sikh Guru
• Died at age of 8.

GURU TEG BAHADUR (1664-1675)

• He protected Hindu Pujaries and pandits and Sikh brothers from forceful conversion to ISLAM.
• Aurangzeb executed him.

GURU GOVIND SINGH (1675 -1708)

• Founded KHALSA IN 1699
• Noble at Bhadur Shah Zafar court
• Pahul was introduced.

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The Vedic period : Summary of Vedic age | Important points to revise just before exams in easy words and quick retention

The vedic period : Important bullent points for quick revision before exams

Vedic age can be classified into the following

Early Vedic Period (1500-1000 BC), also known as Rig Vedic Period.
Later Vedic Period (1000- 600 BC)

The term Veda means “superior knowledge” in Sanskrit. The 4 major vedas are 

• Rigveda
• Samaveda
• Yajurveda
• Atharvaveda

Besides these Vedas, there were Brahmanas, Upnishads, Aryankas, and epics- Ramayana and Mahabharata.

• Brahmmanas
• Upanishads
• Aryankas
• Mahabharat
• Ramayan

RIGVEDA

• Oldest text known to mankind (around 1700 BC).
• It was collection of hymns.
• It deals with secrets and explanation about origin of earth, greatness of god and how to live fruitful life.
• Rig Vedic Aryans worshiped natural forces like earth, fire, wind, rain and thunder by personifying them into many gods.
• Lord Indra was the supreme God as mentioned in rigveda.
• Chief was the protector of the tribe or Jana.
• Experts were called HOTRI/HOTRA
• AVESTA – oldest text in Iranian language has similarity with Rig-Veda text. 

Social Aspects of Rigvedic period

• Women had respectable position in the society
• Sati pratha, Child marriage exsits
• Poligamy, monogamy evident in society
• Evidence of idol worship and temple visit was found

Later vadic age (1000 BC - 600 BC) show trend and popularity in agricultural activity as principal economic activity and cattle rearing became second major activity. Land became important to people and gaining control over it subsequently led to establishment of kingdom in later days.

• Indra and Agni lost their importance.
• The Varna system became prevalent- four divisions of society :Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Sudras.
• Caste system based on occupation emerged.

SAMAVEDA

• Second most important Veda.
• Hymns of Rig-Veda are compiled and set into tune.
• Origin of Indian music.
• Very particular the pronunciation of hymns.
• Experts were known as UDGATAR/UDGATRI

YAJURVEDA

• Sacrificial formulae and prayers.
• Experts were known as ADHVARYU.
• It has 1875 verses.

ATHAVAVEDA

• It deals with death, spirit and afterlife.
• Contains 730 hymns and 6000 mantras devided in 20 books.
• It contains magical formulae and spells.
• Ayurveda has origin in Atharvaveda.

UPVEDA

• Ayurveda
• Dhanurveda
• Gandharvveda
• Shilpveda 

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Chargesheet filed by NIA in Pulwama attack case | Current Affairs | Exam Focus Channel

• 40 CRPF personnel were martyred by a car-borne suicide bomber in Pulwama terror attack on Feb.14,2019.the National investigation agency (NIA) filed a charge-sheet, comprising more than 13,000 pages, in Jammu court.
• The charge-sheet said the attack was planned by Pakistan based terror group jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) and the “Pakistani establishment”, the organisations were involved in the making since 2016.
• The charge-sheet said that the car that blew up the bus carrying the Jawans on February 14, 2019,on Jammu Srinagar highway was packed with tw0 Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) weighing 200 kg. The IEDs contained 35kg high-grade RDX explosives that was brought in by Pakistani terrorists in three tranches between March-May of 2018 when they infiltrated in groups of five each from the Hiranagar sector along the Pakistan-Jammu border.
• The NIA said an attempt was made on Feb, 2019 to attack a convoy but was unsuccessful amids heavy rainfall.
• Seven Pakistanis in the list of NIA, the chargesheet has been filed against JeM chief Masood Azhar and 18 others. In all, seven Pakistanis have been indicted, including Mashood Azhar’s nephew Umar Farooq, who was killed in an encounter in south Kashmir and is considered as mastermind of the attack.

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FACTS RELATED TO AIRPORTS IN INDIA | GK Preparation | Exam Focus Channel

 FACTS on Indian Airports

•Largest Airport : Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Hyderabad(5945 acres)

•2nd largest airport: Indira Gandhi international airport, Delhi (5220 acres)

•3rd largest airport : Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj international airport(4000 acres)

•BONUS FACT : Singapore Changi International airport is the world’s best airport for the 7th year in a row

•A total of 26 airlines are currently operating in Indian domestic sector.

•Highest airport in India: kushok bakula rimpochee airport . Leh-Ladhak, also 22nd highest airport in the world at 3,256 metres i.e. 10,682 ft above mean sea level.

•Smallest airport in India: Trichy (Tiruchirappalli)

•Number of airports in India: 449

•Number of airports operated by Airport Authority of India(AAI): 126

•1st airport in India: Juhu Aerodrome, this airport was built in the year 1928.

•State having most number of airports: Gujarat

•Airport named after Maithili poet Vidyapati: Kavi Kokil Vidyapati airport, Darbhanga(Bihar).

•Number of private airports in India (owned by DGCA): 16

•State which do not have any airport in India: Arunachal Pradesh

•BONUS FACT: Jackson Atlanta International airport(Hartsfield) is the biggest airport in the world

•State having most numbers of international airports: Kerala

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Supreme court criticizes center on loan moratorium scheme | Current Affairs | Exam Focus Channel

• The top court on Wednesday hits the Union government for “hiding behind the Reserve Bank of India” without making its stand clear on the loan moratorium scheme introduced during covid-19 pandemic lock down.

• The SC wanted to know whether the postponement of loan interest to support the financial crisis of borrowers during the national lock down would lead to accumulation of further interest once the freeze is lifted on 31st of August.
• The court advised the government to focus only on issues related to the business of banks and not looking at unfortunate financial situation of the people created by the lock down implemented by the government.
• “The problem was created by your lockdown…it appears the union of India is not taking an independent stance and is relying on the Reserve bank of India (RBI)…This is not the time to look after business only, consider providing relief,’’ a bench, led by Justice Ashok Bhushan, addressed by Solicitor General Tushar Mehta.

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e-beat book system to make Delhi police smarter | Current Affairs | Exam Focus Channel

•  To increase the efficiency of beat constables (i.e. the constable patrolling in a particular area or sector of a district or region) and to reduce their burden, the Delhi police is set to launch e-beat book system, beginning with south-west district and 14 other police stations in Delhi.

• DCP (south-west), Devender Arya told, physical infrastructure like mobile set and SIM cards were in place and were in final phase of updating entries  such as prominent locations, details of religious places, RWAs, details of bank and ATMs in the e-book.
• With facial recognition software, details of suspects can be accessed on the spot which will increase productivity.

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NEET, JEE EXAMS 2020 Dates not changing? Latest Update | Exam Focus | MyexamNotes

•  After facing escalating demands from political leaders and student organisation to extend the examination dates of NEET and JEE examination due to covid-19 fears, an official from home ministry indicated that reconsideration was on card to which his colleague from education ministry denied.

• “As of now, the exam dates stand as it is. But the letters by the chief ministers and other political leaders cannot be ignored, "the home ministry official said.
• A petition from students seeking postponement of exams schedule for September was dismissed by the supreme court, last week. The National Testing Agency announced the schedule for the exams with JEE-Main to be held from September 1-6, JEE-Advance on September 27; and NEET-UG on September 13
• A senior government official said that the home ministry gave green signal to conduct the examination on the insistence of education ministry. The official said no decision has been taken to reschedule the examination but the letters by several political leaders are being studied.

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